In a significant move to safeguard its maritime boundaries and assert its sovereignty, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. signed two pivotal laws on Friday aimed at reinforcing the country’s territorial integrity amid ongoing tensions with China over disputed waters in the South China Sea.
The newly enacted Maritime Zones Act and Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act provide a legal framework to define the Philippines’ maritime entitlements, as well as designated sea lanes and air routes, solidifying its rights to maritime resources in accordance with international law.
President Marcos emphasized that these laws signal the Philippines’ unwavering commitment to upholding a rules-based international order. “Our people, especially our fisherfolk, should be able to pursue their livelihood free from uncertainty and harassment,” he stated, adding that the Philippines must have the right to utilize its seabed’s resources, including valuable minerals and energy reserves.
This approach, according to Marcos, is essential for the country’s long-term economic stability and resource independence. The Maritime Zones Act outlines the extent of the Philippines’ maritime entitlements, which include territorial waters, an exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and continental shelf areas.
Meanwhile, the Archipelagic Sea Lanes Act defines clear sea routes and airways across the archipelago, ensuring that the country can effectively monitor and manage activities within its jurisdiction. These laws are expected to enhance the Philippines’ ability to protect its maritime rights, especially in areas frequently patrolled by Chinese vessels.
However, the question of enforcement looms large. China, which claims nearly the entire South China Sea, often asserts its dominance through an extensive network of coast guard and militia vessels. Neighboring countries, including the Philippines, have accused China of using aggressive tactics to hinder their access to fishing grounds and energy resources within their EEZs. The situation has led to frequent confrontations in the disputed waters, raising concerns about potential conflict.
Philippine Senator Francis Tolentino, one of the authors of the Maritime Zones Act, acknowledged the challenges ahead. He expressed skepticism that the new laws would lead to an immediate reduction in tensions with China, given that Beijing is unlikely to recognize these legal measures.
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“China will not recognize these [laws], but the imprimatur that we’ll be getting from the international community would strengthen our position,” Tolentino remarked during a press conference. He noted that the laws align with the 2016 arbitration ruling on the South China Sea, which invalidated China’s expansive claims.
Although China rejected the ruling, Tolentino believes that global support for the Philippines’ legal stance could reinforce its efforts to manage its waters effectively.
International backing is indeed critical for the Philippines, particularly as the country is a key ally of the United States in the region. This support could prove instrumental in deterring further encroachments in the Philippine EEZ. Yet, enforcing these laws, especially in contested waters, will likely require significant resources and collaboration with other countries that share the Philippines’ concerns over China’s maritime activities.
For the people of the Philippines, especially those whose livelihoods depend on the seas, these legislative efforts represent a step toward securing a more stable and predictable future. Marcos’ message underscores the right of Filipino fishermen and coastal communities to work without the fear of foreign interference or harassment.
In the long term, the new laws may empower the Philippines to tap into vital resources within its EEZ, including fisheries and potential energy deposits that could fuel economic growth.
While it remains to be seen how these laws will influence the delicate balance of power in the South China Sea, their enactment marks a bold assertion of Philippine sovereignty.
By establishing a stronger legal foundation, the Philippines is not only bolstering its territorial integrity but also sending a message to the international community about the importance of a rules-based approach to maritime disputes. As regional tensions continue, the support of allies and adherence to international law will be essential in the Philippines’ ongoing efforts to defend its waters and secure its future.